Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 633 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=-\frac {4 b^2 x}{9 a^2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}+\frac {4 b \left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{9 a^2 x}-\frac {4 b^2 x}{9 a \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \left (a+b x^2\right )^{7/6} \left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right )}-\frac {2 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} b \left (1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}+\left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}}{1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{3\ 3^{3/4} a x \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right )^2}}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {2} b \left (1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}+\left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}}{1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{9 \sqrt [4]{3} a x \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-\sqrt [3]{\frac {a}{a+b x^2}}\right )^2}}} \]
-4/9*b^2*x/a^2/(b*x^2+a)^(1/6)-1/3*(b*x^2+a)^(5/6)/a/x^3+4/9*b*(b*x^2+a)^( 5/6)/a^2/x-4/9*b^2*x/a/(a/(b*x^2+a))^(2/3)/(b*x^2+a)^(7/6)/(1-(a/(b*x^2+a) )^(1/3)-3^(1/2))+4/27*b*(1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3))*EllipticF((1-(a/(b*x^2+a)) ^(1/3)+3^(1/2))/(1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)-3^(1/2)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*2^(1/2)*((1 +(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)+(a/(b*x^2+a))^(2/3))/(1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)-3^(1/2))^ 2)^(1/2)*3^(3/4)/a/x/(a/(b*x^2+a))^(2/3)/(b*x^2+a)^(1/6)/((-1+(a/(b*x^2+a) )^(1/3))/(1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)-3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)-2/9*b*(1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^( 1/3))*EllipticE((1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)+3^(1/2))/(1-(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)-3^( 1/2)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*((1+(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3)+(a/(b*x^2+a))^(2/3))/(1-(a/(b *x^2+a))^(1/3)-3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)*(1/2*6^(1/2)+1/2*2^(1/2))*3^(1/4)/a/x/(a/ (b*x^2+a))^(2/3)/(b*x^2+a)^(1/6)/((-1+(a/(b*x^2+a))^(1/3))/(1-(a/(b*x^2+a) )^(1/3)-3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 10.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 51, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.08 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt [6]{1+\frac {b x^2}{a}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {3}{2},\frac {1}{6},-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {b x^2}{a}\right )}{3 x^3 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \]
-1/3*((1 + (b*x^2)/a)^(1/6)*Hypergeometric2F1[-3/2, 1/6, -1/2, -((b*x^2)/a )])/(x^3*(a + b*x^2)^(1/6))
Time = 0.45 (sec) , antiderivative size = 757, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.20, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.533, Rules used = {264, 264, 235, 214, 233, 833, 760, 2418}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 264 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt [6]{b x^2+a}}dx}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 264 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [6]{b x^2+a}}dx}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 235 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \left (\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}-\frac {1}{2} a \int \frac {1}{\left (b x^2+a\right )^{7/6}}dx\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 214 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \left (\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}-\frac {a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt {b x^2+a}}}{2 \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \left (a+b x^2\right )^{2/3}}\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 233 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \left (\frac {3 a \sqrt {-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}} \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}}{\sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (b x^2+a\right )^{3/2}}-1}}d\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}}{4 b x \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}+\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 833 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \left (\frac {3 a \sqrt {-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}} \left (\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (b x^2+a\right )^{3/2}}-1}}d\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}-\int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}+\sqrt {3}+1}{\sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (b x^2+a\right )^{3/2}}-1}}d\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}\right )}{4 b x \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}+\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 760 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \left (\frac {3 a \sqrt {-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}} \left (-\int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}+\sqrt {3}+1}{\sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (b x^2+a\right )^{3/2}}-1}}d\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \left (1-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\frac {x^2}{a+b x^2}+\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}+1}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}+\sqrt {3}+1}{-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (a+b x^2\right )^{3/2}}-1} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}}}\right )}{4 b x \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}+\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2418 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {4 b \left (\frac {2 b \left (\frac {3 a \sqrt {-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}} \left (-\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \left (1-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\frac {x^2}{a+b x^2}+\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}+1}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}+\sqrt {3}+1}{-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (a+b x^2\right )^{3/2}}-1} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} \left (1-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\frac {x^2}{a+b x^2}+\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}+1}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}+\sqrt {3}+1}{-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{b x^2+a}}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (a+b x^2\right )^{3/2}}-1} \sqrt {-\frac {1-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}}{\left (-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {\frac {x^3}{\left (a+b x^2\right )^{3/2}}-1}}{-\sqrt [3]{1-\frac {b x^2}{a+b x^2}}-\sqrt {3}+1}\right )}{4 b x \left (\frac {a}{a+b x^2}\right )^{2/3} \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}+\frac {3 x}{2 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}}\right )}{3 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{a x}\right )}{9 a}-\frac {\left (a+b x^2\right )^{5/6}}{3 a x^3}\) |
-1/3*(a + b*x^2)^(5/6)/(a*x^3) - (4*b*(-((a + b*x^2)^(5/6)/(a*x)) + (2*b*( (3*x)/(2*(a + b*x^2)^(1/6)) + (3*a*Sqrt[-((b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))]*((-2*Sqrt[ -1 + x^3/(a + b*x^2)^(3/2)])/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3 )) + (3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*(1 - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))*Sqrt [(1 + x^2/(a + b*x^2) + (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))^2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[(1 + Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b* x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(Sqrt[-1 + x^3/(a + b*x^2)^(3/2)]*Sqrt[-((1 - (1 - (b*x^ 2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))^2)] ) - (2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(1 + Sqrt[3])*(1 - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3 ))*Sqrt[(1 + x^2/(a + b*x^2) + (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[ 3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))^2]*EllipticF[ArcSin[(1 + Sqrt[3] - ( 1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^( 1/3))], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(3^(1/4)*Sqrt[-1 + x^3/(a + b*x^2)^(3/2)]*Sqrt[-( (1 - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x^2))^(1/3))/(1 - Sqrt[3] - (1 - (b*x^2)/(a + b*x ^2))^(1/3))^2)])))/(4*b*x*(a/(a + b*x^2))^(2/3)*(a + b*x^2)^(1/6))))/(3*a) ))/(9*a)
3.11.23.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-7/6), x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/((a + b*x^2)^(2/3)*(a /(a + b*x^2))^(2/3)) Subst[Int[1/(1 - b*x^2)^(1/3), x], x, x/Sqrt[a + b*x ^2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1/3), x_Symbol] :> Simp[3*(Sqrt[b*x^2]/(2*b*x)) Subst[Int[x/Sqrt[-a + x^3], x], x, (a + b*x^2)^(1/3)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b }, x]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1/6), x_Symbol] :> Simp[3*(x/(2*(a + b*x^2)^(1/ 6))), x] - Simp[a/2 Int[1/(a + b*x^2)^(7/6), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x)^( m + 1)*((a + b*x^2)^(p + 1)/(a*c*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[b*((m + 2*p + 3)/(a*c ^2*(m + 1))) Int[(c*x)^(m + 2)*(a + b*x^2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p }, x] && LtQ[m, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s *x + r^2*x^2)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(3^(1/4)*r*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(- s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3]) *s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x ] && NegQ[a]
Int[(x_)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3] ], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[(-(1 + Sqrt[3]))*(s/r) Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x ^3], x], x] + Simp[1/r Int[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x], x ]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a]
Int[((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = N umer[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]], s = Denom[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c) ]]}, Simp[2*d*s^3*(Sqrt[a + b*x^3]/(a*r^2*((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x))), x] + S imp[3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*d*s*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/( (1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(r^2*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(-s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - S qrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[ 3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[a] && EqQ[b*c^3 - 2*(5 + 3*Sqrt[3])*a*d^3, 0]
\[\int \frac {1}{x^{4} \left (b \,x^{2}+a \right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}d x\]
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{6}} x^{4}} \,d x } \]
Time = 0.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 32, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.05 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=- \frac {{{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {3}{2}, \frac {1}{6} \\ - \frac {1}{2} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b x^{2} e^{i \pi }}{a}} \right )}}{3 \sqrt [6]{a} x^{3}} \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{6}} x^{4}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (b x^{2} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{6}} x^{4}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{x^4 \sqrt [6]{a+b x^2}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x^4\,{\left (b\,x^2+a\right )}^{1/6}} \,d x \]